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Ibuprofen is a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that helps to relieve pain, reduce fever, and alleviate inflammation. It is commonly used to treat a variety of conditions, including headaches, toothaches, menstrual cramps, muscle aches, arthritis, and minor injuries.

Ibuprofen works by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins, which are chemicals in the body that cause inflammation, pain, and fever. It does this by blocking the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX), which is involved in the production of prostaglandins.

Ibuprofen is available in various forms, including tablets, capsules, liquid suspensions, and topical gels. The dosage and form depend on the condition being treated and the patient's age and weight. It is important to follow the dosage instructions provided by healthcare professionals or on the product's packaging to avoid potential side effects.

Common side effects of ibuprofen include heartburn, nausea, indigestion, and abdominal pain. In some cases, it can cause more serious side effects such as gastrointestinal bleeding, kidney failure, and liver damage, especially with long-term use or high doses. It is also important to note that ibuprofen can increase the risk of heart attack or stroke, particularly at higher doses.

Ibuprofen should be used with caution in individuals with certain medical conditions, such as heart disease, high blood pressure, kidney disease, or a history of gastrointestinal issues. It is not recommended for use during the later stages of pregnancy due to potential risks to the unborn baby.